Determinants of lecturer performance: a multifactorial study at private university in Lampung

Abstract

This study investigates the multifactorial relationship between motivation, leadership, organizational culture, digital information, and career development with lecturer performance in private universities in Lampung, focusing on competence as a mediator. In the context of increasingly digitized education, this study aims to provide empirical insights into how these factors interact to influence academic performance. This explanatory research combines quantitative and qualitative approaches, using Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) to analyze data from 307 uncertified lecturers in Lampung. The analysis was conducted with SPSS version 26 and SMARTPLS 3.0, and NVIVO 12 Plus to enrich the interpretation of the findings. The results revealed that organizational culture and digital information positively influenced competence, which in turn contributed to improved lecturer performance. Meanwhile, motivation and leadership did not show significant influence directly, but had indirect effects through competence
Keywords
  • Motivation
  • Leadership
  • Organizational Culture
  • Digital Information
  • Career Development
  • Competence
  • Lecturer Performance
References
  1. Akpoviroro, K. S., Oghojafor, B. E. A., Ighomereho, O. S., & Omoera, C. (2018). The Effect of Transformational Leadership Style on Employee Performance in the Nigerian Manufacturing Industry. International Journal of Managerial Studies and Research, 6(2), 43-51. https://doi.org/10.20431/2349-0349.0602005
  2. Alie, B., Patanakul, P., & Chen, J. (2022). The Role of Motivational Factors on Project Performance: The Case of Project-Based Organizations. International Journal of Project Management, 40(1), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijproman.2021.09.003
  3. Ariawaty, I. (2020). The Influence of Organizational Culture and Leadership on Employee Performance. Journal of Human Resource Management, 8(4), 170-177. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jhrm.20200804.16
  4. Armanto, B., & Gunarto, M. (2020). Transformational Leadership in Higher Education: Impact on Faculty Performance and Job Satisfaction. Journal of Educational Administration, 35(2), 190–202. https://doi.org/10.1108/JEA-07-2019-0100
  5. Bai, Y., & Chang, J. (2015). Corporate Social Responsibility and Firm Performance: The Mediating Effect of Marketing Competence and Innovation. Journal of Business Ethics, 130(1), 599-609. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-014-2225-2
  6. Buil, I., Martinez, E., & Matute, J. (2019). Transformational Leadership and Employee Performance: The Role of Identification, Engagement and Proactive Personality. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 77, 64-75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2018.06.014
  7. Cerasoli, C. P., Nicklin, J. M., & Ford, M. T. (2014). Intrinsic Motivation and Extrinsic Incentives Jointly Predict Performance: A 40-Year Meta-Analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 140(4), 980-1008. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0035661
  8. Chatman, J. A., & O'Reilly, C. A. (2016). Paradigm Lost: Reinvigorating the Study of Organizational Culture. Research in Organizational Behavior, 36, 199-224. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.riob.2016.11.004
  9. Chen, X. P., Eberly, M. B., Chiang, T. J., Farh, J. L., & Cheng, B. S. (2014). Affective Trust in Chinese Leaders: Linking Paternalistic Leadership to Employee Performance. Journal of Management, 40(3), 796-819. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206311410604
  10. Chien, H., Wang, X., & Liu, Y. (2020). Understanding the Impact of Motivation on Job Performance: A Multilevel Study. Journal of Business Research, 115, 58-66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2020.04.050
  11. Chiniara, M., & Bentein, K. (2016). Linking Servant Leadership to Individual Performance: Differentiating the Mediating Role of Autonomy, Competence and Relatedness Need Satisfaction. The Leadership Quarterly, 27(1), 124-141. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2015.08.004
  12. Darmanto, S., & Supriyadi, M. (2022). The Effect of Employee Competence and Organizational Culture on Employee Performance. Journal of Applied Management, 20(1), 123-130. https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jam.2022.020.01.11
  13. Darmanto, S., & Supriyadi, S. (2022). Competency-Based Human Resource Management and Employee Performance in the Indonesian Banking Sector. Journal of Management and Marketing Review, 7(1), 34-45. https://doi.org/10.35609/jmmr.2022.7.1(5)
  14. Davis, B. (2015). Tools for Career Success: 101 Ways to Empower Your Career. Gildan Media.
  15. Davis, P. (2015). Career Development for High-Performing Employees. Human Resource Management International Digest, 23(3), 23-25. https://doi.org/10.1108/HRMID-05-2014-0071
  16. Dewi, R. K., & Fitrio, T. (2022). The Role of Competence and Motivation in Employee Performance in Indonesian State-Owned Enterprises. Journal of Applied Management, 20(2), 354-367. https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jam.2022.020.02.11
  17. Diamantidis, A. D., & Chatzoglou, P. D. (2019). Factors Affecting Employee Performance: An Empirical Approach. International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, 68(1), 171-193. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPPM-01-2018-0012
  18. Dittes, S., & Smolnik, S. (2019). The Role of Social Media in the Organization: Bridging the Gap between Employee Motivation and Performance. Business Information Review, 36(1), 29-37. https://doi.org/10.1177/0266382119826668
  19. Eller, R., Alford, P., Kallmuenzer, A., & Peters, M. (2020). Strategic Digital Transformation: A Human-Centred Approach. Journal of Business Research, 119, 268-280. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2019.12.020
  20. Eller, R., Alford, P., Kallmünzer, A., & Peters, M. (2020). Antecedents, Consequences, and Challenges of Small and Medium-Sized Enterprise Digitalization. Journal of Business Research, 112, 478-489. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2019.10.051
  21. Esch, P., Benefield, M., & Kronenfeld, R. (2018). Understanding Competence, High-Performance Work Systems, and Organizational Performance: A Mediated Model. Journal of Applied Management, 50(4), 487-504. https://doi.org/10.1080/15378020.2018.1453213
  22. Esch, P., Lajoie, D., Keller, R. T., & Lapointe, E. (2018). HRM Practices and Organizational Performance: The Mediating Role of Employees’ Competence. Personnel Review, 47(4), 931-950. https://doi.org/10.1108/PR-12-2016-0334
  23. Fernandez, C., Wang, X., Lo, C. K., & Wang, X. (2012). Transformational Leadership and Performance: An Examination of Individual Level Substitute for Leadership within Online Classrooms. Journal of Educational Research and Practice, 22(3), 234–245. https://doi.org/10.1080/07448481.2011.639905
  24. Fithriana, A., & Adi, M. (2017). Organizational Culture and Its Impact on Employee Performance: Evidence from Indonesia. Journal of Management and Organization, 23(5), 764-783. https://doi.org/10.1017/jmo.2017.56
  25. Fuad, K., Rahman, M. A., & Akter, S. (2022). Organizational Culture and Its Impact on Employee Performance: An Empirical Study. International Journal of Research in Business and Social Science, 11(4), 88-102. https://doi.org/10.20525/ijrbs.v11i4.1611
  26. Ghobakhloo, M. (2020). Industry 4.0, Digitization, and Opportunities for Sustainability. Journal of Cleaner Production, 252, 119869. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.119869
  27. Ghorbanhosseini, M. (2013). The Effect of Organizational Culture, Teamwork and Organizational Development on Organizational Commitment: The Mediating Role of Human Capital. Technics Technologies Education Management, 8(2), 336-343.
  28. Griffioen, D. M. E., & de Jong, U. (2015). The Influence of Direct Supervision, Supportive Supervision, and Peer Support on Student Performance and Job Satisfaction. International Journal of Leadership in Education, 18(2), 196-206. https://doi.org/10.1080/13603124.2013.861798
  29. Gunaraja, T. (2014). The Influence of Organizational Culture on Employee Performance. Journal of Human Resource Management, 2(1), 14-21. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jhrm.20140201.13
  30. Gunaraja, V. (2014). Organizational Culture and Its Effect on Employee Performance. International Journal of Organizational Analysis, 22(4), 511-526. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOA-02-2013-0640
  31. Güngör, P. (2011). The Relationship between Reward Management System and Employee Performance with the Mediating Role of Motivation: A Quantitative Study on Global Banks. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 24, 1510-1520. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2011.09.029
  32. Hassan, S., & Hatmaker, D. M. (2015). Leadership and Performance of Public Employees: Effects of the Quality and Characteristics of Manager-Employee Relationships. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 25(4), 1127-1155. https://doi.org/10.1093/jopart/muu002
  33. Hoffmann, F., & Thommes, K. (2020). Feedback in the Workplace: The Role of the Feedback Environment. Human Resource Management Review, 30(2), 100-115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrmr.2019.100115
  34. Hoffmann, R., & Thommes, K. (2020). Digitalization and Work System Design: Determinants of Work System Digitalization and Their Impact on Employee Work Performance and Work-Life Balance. Journal of Business Research, 120, 426-437. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2020.02.028
  35. Hogan, S. J., & Coote, L. V. (2014). Organizational Culture, Innovation, and Performance: A Test of Schein's Model. Journal of Business Research, 67(8), 1609-1621. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2013.09.007
  36. Idris, M., Hassan, M., & Karim, A. (2022). Organizational Culture and Employee Performance: The Role of Transformational Leadership and Job Satisfaction. European Journal of Business and Management Research, 7(1), 20-28. https://doi.org/10.24018/ejbmr.2022.7.1.1163
  37. Ingsih, K., Suryani, T., & Nuraeni, S. (2021). The Effect of Competence on Employee Performance: A Study on Indonesian Public Sector. Journal of Management and Organization, 27(5), 915-930. https://doi.org/10.1017/jmo.2021.28
  38. Ingsih, K., Wiyono, G., & Wahyudi, S. (2021). The Role of Competence and Motivation in Employee Performance in Indonesian State-Owned Enterprises. Journal of Applied Management, 20(2), 354-367. https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jam.2021.020.02.11
  39. Islam, T., Khan, S. U. R., Ahmad, U. N. U., & Ahmed, I. (2015). Organizational Learning Culture and Psychological Empowerment as Predictors of Employees' Job-Related Attitudes: A Mediation Model. Journal of Workplace Learning, 27(4), 373-393. https://doi.org/10.1108/JWL-02-2015-0011
  40. Istambul, S. (2019). The Role of Digital Transformation in Increasing Organizational Performance: A Systematic Review. Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, 8(1), 1-20. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13731-019-0100-5
  41. Jun, G. T., Ward, J., Morris, Z., & Clarkson, P. J. (2021). Health Care Engineering: A New Discipline to Improve Quality, Safety and Efficiency of Care. Journal of Hospital Administration, 10(1), 19-28. https://doi.org/10.5430/jha.v10n1p19
  42. Kartini, D., Arifin, M., & Suryadi, N. (2020). The Influence of Leadership, Organizational Culture, and Job Satisfaction on Employee Performance. Journal of Applied Management, 18(3), 518-527. https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jam.2020.018.03.07
  43. Kolibáčová, G. (2014). The Relationship between Competency and Performance. Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis, 62(4), 767-772. https://doi.org/10.11118/actaun201462040767
  44. Kunter, M., Baumert, J., & Köller, O. (2013). Effective Classroom Management and the Development of Subject-Related Interest. Learning and Instruction, 23, 22-31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.learninstruc.2012.09.001
  45. Kuvaas, B., Buch, R., Gagne, M., Dysvik, A., & Forest, J. (2017). Do Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation Relate Differently to Employee Outcomes? Journal of Economic Psychology, 61, 244-258. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joep.2017.05.004
  46. Lee, K., & Lee, S. (2018). HRD Practices and Their Impact on Employee Satisfaction and Performance in the South Korean Public Sector. Human Resource Development International, 21(3), 185-201. https://doi.org/10.1080/13678868.2018.1431804
  47. Lestariningsih, I. (2017). The Influence of Transformational Leadership and Motivation on Lecturer Performance in Indonesian Universities. Journal of Applied Management, 15(4), 679–689. https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jam.2017.015.04.10
  48. LLDIKTI 2. Profil LLDIKTI 2. Diakses dari https://lldikti2.kemdikbud.go.id
  49. Louati, A., & Hadoussa, S. (2021). Digital Transformation and Organizational Performance: A Mediating Role of Information Technology. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 34(4), 721-733. https://doi.org/10.1108/JOCM-01-2020-0024
  50. Louati, H., & Hadoussa, S. (2021). Digital Transformation and Its Impact on Employee Performance: A Case Study of Tunisian Companies. Journal of Business Research, 130, 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2021.10.045
  51. Malekifar, S., Taghizadeh, S. K., Dalvand, M. R., & Emami, M. (2014). Organizational Culture and Innovation Culture: Exploring the Relationships between Constructs. Journal of Applied Sciences Research, 10(4), 293-306.
  52. Martini, E., Septian, R., & Permana, A. (2018). The Effect of Employee Competence on Performance: Empirical Evidence from Indonesian Manufacturing Firms. Journal of Management Development, 37(8), 658-672. https://doi.org/10.1108/JMD-11-2017-0352
  53. Maulana, R., & Arli, M. (2022). The Role of Digital Literacy and Digital Transformation on Employee Performance in Indonesia. Journal of Applied Management, 20(1), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jam.2022.020.01.01
  54. Men, L. R., & Stacks, D. W. (2013). The Impact of Leadership Style and Employee Empowerment on Perceived Organizational Reputation. Journal of Communication Management, 17(2), 171-192. https://doi.org/10.1108/13632541311318765
  55. Miele, D. B., & Scholer, A. A. (2018). The Role of Metamotivational Monitoring in Motivation Regulation. Educational Psychologist, 53(1), 1-21. https://doi.org/10.1080/00461520.2017.1371601
  56. Nadeem, S., Abdullah, M., & Lone, Q. (2014). Impact of Motivation on Employee Performance: A Case Study of Banking Sector of Pakistan. European Journal of Business and Management, 6(17), 14-20.
  57. Naranjo-Valencia, J. C., Jiménez-Jiménez, D., & Sanz-Valle, R. (2016). Studying the Links between Organizational Culture, Innovation, and Performance in Spanish Companies. Revista Europea de Dirección y Economía de la Empresa, 25(2), 49-56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.redee.2015.09.004
  58. Otoo, F. N. K. (2019). Human Resource Management Practices and Organizational Performance: The Mediating Role of Employee Competencies. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 30(21), 2902-2924. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2017.1380051
  59. Palacios-Marqués, D., Soto-Acosta, P., & Palacios-Marqués, D. (2019). Entrepreneurship, Competencies, and Performance: Examining the Role of Entrepreneurial Learning and Entrepreneurial Orientation. Journal of Business Research, 102, 66-74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2019.05.020
  60. Palacios-Marqués, D., Soto-Acosta, P., & Popa, S. (2019). Social Entrepreneurship and Organizational Performance: A Study of the Mediating Role of Distinctive Competencies in Marketing. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 139, 221-229. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2018.11.012
  61. Paris, S. G., & Turner, J. C. (2012). Situated Motivation. In S. Volet & M. Järvelä (Eds.), Motivation in Learning Contexts: Theoretical Advances and Methodological Implications (pp. 213-237). Elsevier Science.
  62. Pawirosumarto, S., Sarjana, P. K., & Gunawan, R. (2017). The Effect of Work Environment, Leadership Style, and Organizational Culture towards Job Satisfaction and Its Implication towards Employee Performance in Parador Hotels and Resorts, Indonesia. International Journal of Law and Management, 59(6), 1337-1358. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJLMA-10-2016-0085
  63. Rahardja, U., Moein, A., & Lutfiani, N. (2018). The Strategies of Enhancing Student's Academic Performance through the Implementation of the Quality Assurance Circle. International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET), 9(4), 123–135. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJMET.2018.10022125
  64. Rastgoo, P. (2016). The Relationship of Competency-Based Human Resource Management with Organizational Performance. Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis, 64(1), 341-347. https://doi.org/10.11118/actaun201664010341
  65. Resmi, S., & Mekarsari, M. (2017). The Role of Private Universities in Supporting the National Higher Education System. Journal of Education and Practice, 8(6), 47–53. https://doi.org/10.7176/JEP.2017.06.06
  66. Ridwan, M., Handayani, N. I., & Latifah, M. (2020). The Influence of Leadership, Competence, and Motivation on Employee Performance. Jurnal Manajemen, 24(2), 192-203. https://doi.org/10.24912/jm.v24i2.622
  67. Rozanna, I., Hasan, M., & Amir, A. (2019). The Impact of Organizational Culture on Employee Performance: A Study of Oil and Gas Companies in Indonesia. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 10(3), 12-21. https://doi.org/10.30845/ijbss.v10n3p2
  68. Sarooghi, H., Libaers, D., & Burkemper, A. (2015). Examining the Relationship between Creativity and Innovation: A Meta-Analysis of Organizational, Cultural, and Environmental Factors. Journal of Business Venturing, 30(5), 714-731. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2014.12.003
  69. Selimović, M., Marjanović, U., & Milinković, D. (2021). Digital Transformation and Employee Well-Being: Mediating Role of Perceived Organizational Support. Journal of Business Research, 132, 529-540. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2020.09.049
  70. Shahzad, F. (2014). The Impact of Organizational Culture on Employee Performance. International Journal of Business and Management, 9(5), 74-91. https://doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v9n5p74
  71. Shahzad, K., Iqbal, Z., & Gulzar, M. A. (2014). Impact of Organizational Culture on Employee Performance: An Empirical Study of Software Houses in Pakistan. Journal of Human Resource Management, 2(1), 27-34. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jhrm.20140201.14
  72. Shet, S. V., Sultana, S., & Pathak, S. (2019). A Study on Competency-Based Human Resource Management Practices and Its Impact on Employee Performance. International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, 68(5), 774-793. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPPM-03-2018-0126
  73. Solihin, S. (2012). The Influence of Career Development on Employee Performance: An Empirical Study in Indonesia. International Journal of Business and Management, 7(4), 12-22. https://doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v7n4p12
  74. Song, S., Yu, H., & Liu, Y. (2019). The Effect of Digitalization on Knowledge Sharing and Team Performance: A Moderated Mediation Model. Journal of Business Research, 95, 315-328. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2018.10.017
  75. Stephen, J., & Stephen, S. (2016). The Role of Organizational Culture in Enhancing Employee Performance. Journal of Management Development, 35(4), 469-486. https://doi.org/10.1108/JMD-10-2015-0138
  76. Sugiyono. (2018). Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif, Kualitatif, dan R&D (2nd ed.). Alfabeta.
  77. Sukirno, D. (2020). Effective Leadership and Faculty Performance: Evidence from Higher Education Institutions in Indonesia. Journal of Educational Management, 28(3), 211–223. https://doi.org/10.1108/JEM-11-2019-0134
  78. Syafii, L., Thoyib, A., & Adi, N. (2015). The Influence of Organizational Culture on Employee Performance through Job Satisfaction. International Journal of Business and Management, 10(6), 177-186. https://doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v10n6p177
  79. Syafii, L., Thoyib, A., Nimran, U., & Djumahir, D. (2015). The Influence of Organizational Culture on Employee Performance: A Study of the Service Industry in Indonesia. Journal of Business and Social Science, 6(4), 94-106. https://doi.org/10.30845/ijbss.v6n4p8
  80. Syahruddin, T., Kurniawan, F., & Fathoni, A. (2020). The Impact of Organizational Culture on Employee Performance in Indonesian Public Sector. Journal of Public Administration and Governance, 10(3), 42-56. https://doi.org/10.5296/jpag.v10i3.17532
  81. Szczepańska-Woszczyna, K. (2015). Leadership and Organizational Culture as the Normative Influence of Top Management on Employee Behavior in the Innovation Process. Procedia Economics and Finance, 34, 396-402. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2212-5671(15)01646-9
  82. Topping, K. J., Buchs, C., Duran, D., & van Keer, H. (Eds.). (2015). Effective Peer Learning: From Principles to Practical Implementation. Routledge.
  83. Tripathi, S., Reddy, D. V., & Sharma, V. (2019). Servant Leadership, Employee Empowerment, and Employee Performance: An Empirical Study of Indian IT Industry. Journal of Asia Business Studies, 13(4), 638-652. https://doi.org/10.1108/JABS-12-2018-0355
  84. Untari, R. (2021). Certification and Training for University Lecturers: Meeting Competency Standards. Journal of Higher Education Policy and Management, 43(2), 155–167. https://doi.org/10.1080/1360080X.2021.1849446
  85. Van Dooren, W. (2015). Leadership Behavior and Employee Motivation: The Mediating Role of Engagement. International Journal of Public Administration, 38(8), 632-642. https://doi.org/10.1080/01900692.2014.951360
  86. Van Dooren, W. (2015). Performance Management in the Public Sector. Routledge.
  87. Warrick, D. D. (2017). What Leaders Need to Know about Organizational Culture. Business Horizons, 60(3), 395-404. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bushor.2017.01.011
  88. Yusuf, A., Prabowo, H., & Noor, M. (2022). The Influence of Leadership, Competence, and Motivation on Employee Performance. International Journal of Business and Management, 17(3), 33-45. https://doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v17n3p33
  89. Zhu, C., & Engels, N. (2014). Organizational Culture and Instructional Innovations in Higher Education: Perceptions and Reactions of Teachers and Students. Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 42(1), 136-158. https://doi.org/10.1177/1741143213499253.

Downloads

PDF

Statistic

Abstract Views
: 361 times
PDF
: 1 times